From a5ca13e44165ee8a3420a57b95bcf84437a81dce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: y-jan137 <yousefjan24000@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 14 Mar 2026 22:10:21 +0300
Subject: Add LU and experiment

---
 src/lu.cpp | 112 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 112 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/lu.cpp

(limited to 'src/lu.cpp')

diff --git a/src/lu.cpp b/src/lu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b2c950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "lu.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "linalg_error.hpp"
+#include "triangular_solve.hpp"
+
+namespace linalg {
+
+LUResult lu_factor(const Matrix& A, double singular_tolerance) {
+    if (A.rows() != A.cols()) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << "lu_factor requires a square matrix, got " << A.rows() << "x" << A.cols();
+        throw DimensionMismatchError(oss.str());
+    }
+
+    const std::size_t n = A.rows();
+
+    // Working copy: elimination is performed in-place here.
+    Matrix work = A;
+
+    // L starts as identity; multipliers fill the strict lower triangle.
+    Matrix L = Matrix::zeros(n, n);
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        L(i, i) = 1.0;
+    }
+
+    Matrix U = Matrix::zeros(n, n);
+
+    // perm[i] = original row index now at position i.
+    std::vector<std::size_t> perm(n);
+    std::iota(perm.begin(), perm.end(), std::size_t{0});
+    int sign = 1;
+
+    for (std::size_t k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
+        // ---- Partial pivoting: find row with largest magnitude in column k ----
+        std::size_t pivot_row = k;
+        double max_val = std::abs(work(k, k));
+        for (std::size_t i = k + 1; i < n; ++i) {
+            const double val = std::abs(work(i, k));
+            if (val > max_val) {
+                max_val = val;
+                pivot_row = i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (pivot_row != k) {
+            // Swap rows in the working matrix.
+            for (std::size_t j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
+                std::swap(work(k, j), work(pivot_row, j));
+            }
+            // Swap already-computed multipliers in L (columns 0 .. k-1).
+            for (std::size_t j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
+                std::swap(L(k, j), L(pivot_row, j));
+            }
+            std::swap(perm[k], perm[pivot_row]);
+            sign = -sign;
+        }
+
+        // ---- Singularity check ----
+        if (std::abs(work(k, k)) <= singular_tolerance) {
+            std::ostringstream oss;
+            oss << "lu_factor: near-zero pivot " << work(k, k) << " at step " << k
+                << " (tolerance " << singular_tolerance << ")";
+            throw SingularMatrixError(oss.str());
+        }
+
+        // ---- Record U row k ----
+        for (std::size_t j = k; j < n; ++j) {
+            U(k, j) = work(k, j);
+        }
+
+        // ---- Compute multipliers and eliminate below pivot ----
+        for (std::size_t i = k + 1; i < n; ++i) {
+            L(i, k) = work(i, k) / work(k, k);
+            for (std::size_t j = k + 1; j < n; ++j) {
+                work(i, j) -= L(i, k) * work(k, j);
+            }
+            work(i, k) = 0.0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return LUResult{std::move(L), std::move(U), std::move(perm), sign};
+}
+
+Vector lu_solve(const LUResult& lu, const Vector& b) {
+    const std::size_t n = lu.L.rows();
+
+    if (b.size() != n) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << "lu_solve: rhs size " << b.size() << " does not match factorization size " << n;
+        throw DimensionMismatchError(oss.str());
+    }
+
+    // Step 1: apply permutation P.  (Pb)[i] = b[perm[i]]
+    Vector pb(n);
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        pb[i] = b[lu.perm[i]];
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: forward substitution  Ly = Pb  (L has unit diagonal)
+    const Vector y = forward_substitution(lu.L, pb, /*singular_tolerance=*/1e-14,
+                                          /*unit_diagonal=*/true);
+
+    // Step 3: backward substitution  Ux = y
+    return backward_substitution(lu.U, y);
+}
+
+}  // namespace linalg
-- 
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